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聚丙烯酰胺(PAM )是一种线型高分子聚合物,产品主要分为干粉和胶体两种形式。按其平均分子量可分为低分子量(<100 万)、中分子量(200~400 万)和高分子量(>700万)三类。按其结构又可分为非离子型、阴离子型和阳离子型。阴离子型多为PAM 的水解体(HPAM)。聚丙烯酰胺的主链上带有大量的酰胺基,化学活性很高,可以改性制取许多聚丙烯酰胺的行生物,产品已广泛应用于造纸、选矿、采油、冶金、建材、污水处理等行业。聚丙烯酰胺作为润滑剂、悬浮剂、粘土稳定剂、驱油剂、降失水剂和增稠剂,在钻井、酸化、压裂、堵水、固井及二次采油、三次采油中得到了广泛应用,是一种极为重要的油田化学品。