奥运讲堂,Olympic English大家好。2008年的北京奥运会是我们大家都很期待的盛事,作为奥运会语言之一的英语自然成为传递奥运会精神的重要工具。奥运讲堂就是这样一档在体育赛事和各种奥运会项目中感受英语,学习英语。今天我们先来了解以下奥运会的历史。 According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles (the Roman Hercules), a son of Zeus. Yet the first Olympic Games for which we still have written rec
ords were held in 776 BCE (though it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years already). At this Olympic Games, a naked runner, Coroebus, won the sole event at the Olympics, the stade - a run of approximately 192 meters (210 yards). This made Coroebus the very first Olympic champion in history.
The ancient Olympic Games grew and continued to be played every four years for nearly 1200 years. In 393 CE, the Roman emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, abolished the Games because of their pagan influences. 现代奥林匹克运动兴起于欧洲资本主义工业时代,但其渊源可以追溯到古希腊的奥林匹克运动会,古奥运会每四年一届,从公元前776年有文字纪录的届奥运会到公元393年,共举办了293届,历时1169年,经过了产生,发展和衰弱几个阶级。
古希腊自然环境与竟技运动习俗的形成。优越的地理位置,使古希腊成为多种文化的交汇之处,并因此加快了社会发展的进程,在科学,文化,艺术和体育等领域里为人类做出了多方面的卓越贡献,成为西方文明的发祥地。竟技运动是希腊人生活的重要内容。
Approximately 1500 years later, a young Frenchmen named Pierre de Coubertin began their revival. Coubertin is now known as le Rénovateur. Coubertin was a French aristocrat born on January 1, 1863. He was only seven years old when France was overrun by the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Some believe that Coubertin attributed the defeat of France not to its military skills but rather to the French soldiers lack of vigor.* After examining the education of the German, British, and American children, Coubertin decided that it was exercise, more specifically sports, that made a well-rounded and vigorous person.
Coubertins attempt to get France interested in sports was not met with enthusiasm. Still, Coubertin persisted. In 1890, he organized and founded a sports organization, Union des Sociétés Francaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA). Two years later, Coubertin first pitched his idea to revive the Olympic Games.
法国教育家皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦,于1883年提出举办类似古奥运会的比赛,并把它扩大到世界范围。1892年,他遍访欧洲,宣传奥林匹克思想,呼吁复兴奥林匹克运动。同年,在巴黎运动联合会成立10周年会议上,倡议恢复“奥林匹克运动会”, 1894年1月,他致函各国的奥林匹克组织,建议于同年在巴黎召开国际体育会议。同年6月16日-24日,在巴黎举行的国际体育大会上,15国代表决议每4年举行一次奥林匹克运动会,为了筹办奥运会,6月23日成立了国际奥林匹克委员会,希腊人维凯·拉斯出任主席,顾拜旦任秘书长,还亲自设计了奥运会的会徽、会旗。并于1896年4 月6日-15日在希腊的雅典举办了届现代奥运会,共有13个国家的311名运动员参加了雅典大会。美国运动员詹·康诺利以13.71米的成绩获三级跳远,从而成为位现代奥运会。
现代奥运会历史上最有意义的一件事是打破了古代不允许女子参加的规定。在第二届 奥运会上,尽管顾拜旦执意反对女子参加,女运动员还是踏上了在此之前一直属于男子的体育场。但性别歧视并未就此了结,田径运动直到1928年第九届奥运会才对女子开放。奥运史上另一个让人刻骨铭心的事是开始了现代奥运会诞生地希腊雅典引燃奥林匹克火炬,之后以接力方式传递至奥运会举办地,并在开幕式上点燃奥运圣火的仪式。从1924年开始,现代奥运会又分为夏季奥运会、冬季奥运会两种。当时在巴黎举行的是第8届夏季奥运会,在夏蒙尼举行的是第1届冬季奥运会